วิจัยถ่านอัดแท่งจากกะลามะพร้าว

��Ѵ��(English) The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of normal aerobic dance and water aerobic exercise on physical fitness. Thirty healthy female teenagers (15 to 17 yrs) were selected to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to NE (control group: n = 10), AE (aerobic dance group : n = 10), and WE (water aerobic group : n = 10). Both AE and WE exercised at the same intensity (60% to 70% HRR), frequency (3 times/week), and duration (40-45 min) for 8 weeks. Physical fitness testing was done before and after exercise training and included measurements of maximum oxygen consumption (VO(,2)max), leg strength, flexibility, percent of body fat (%BF), leg volume, and agility. ~iPair t-test~i and ~ione way ANOVA~i were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the exercise training, groups had significant ~i(P<0.05)~i improvement in maximum oxygen consumption (VO(,2)max), leg strength, and agility. In contrast, %BF was decreased and leg volume did not change. There was no significant difference for maximum oxygen consumption (VO(,2)max), leg strength, flexibility, percent of body fat (%BF), leg volume, and agility between AE and WE, however maximum oxygen consumption (VO(,2)max) and leg strength of WE tended to be higher than AE These results suggest that both aerobic dance and water aerobic exercise improve physical fitness and mental fitness. The water exercise provides an alternative means of exercising for overweight, injuried or ill individuals. Studies, with a longer training duration, higher training intensity, different gender and age groups, water exercise with osteoporosis patients or handicapped, and effect on axial load are recommended for the future research.

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MODEL OF LOGISTICS SERVICE REQUIREMENT. ��͹��Ե ��ɰ�ҳ�� ൪и��ѹ�ǧ��
Sesstharkarn Taychatananantawong ��Ҩ��֡�� .��. ��Ū�� ط��ҷ�ľز�
Prof. Kamonchnok Suthiwartnarueput, Ph.D. (Maritime Studies) ��ʶҺѹ ��ŧ�ó��Է��. �ѳ�Ե�Է��
Chulalongkorn University. Bangkok (Thailand). Graduate School. �дѺ��ԭ��´�Ң��Ԫ� �Է�ҹԾ��Һѳ�Ե. �Է��ʵ�� (��èѴ��Ũ�ʵԡ��)
Master. Science (Logistics Management) �շ�診��֡�� 2548 ��Ѵ��(��) ��Ѵ��˹�Ңͧ��ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��ö�Ѵ��ӹǹ��ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��дѺ��Ӥѭ�ͧ�Ԩ��ԡ��ö��Թ�ҹ᷹��ԡ�á��Ӥѭ��蹡ѹ ��Ẻ��ͧ��ͧ��á�ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��з��Ѵ�дѺ��ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ�� ¢�� 觵��Ẻ��ͧ㹡��֡�Ҥ��駹��觤��ͧ��ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ�� 4 �дѺ�� ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��Ẻ��鹰ҹ��ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��Ẻ��س�� ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��Ẻ�� С�ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��Ẻ��˹�� Шҡ��÷��ǹ��ó��֡��ǡѺ��ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ�쾺��ջѨ��ª�Դ��Ҩ��ռ�㹡�ü�ѡ�ѹ��ͧ��á�ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��ҡ�дѺ˹��ա�дѺ˹�� ҡ��֡�Ҥ��駹�龺�� Ŵ�鹷ع �к��ʹ�� кؤ�ҡ��繻Ѩ��·��㹡�õѴ�Թ��͡�дѺ�ͧ��ú�ԡ�� ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��㹻��ǹ�˭��дѺ��ú�ԡ��Ẻ��س��Ҥ�͡�ú�ԡ�÷��ԡ��ǹ㹡��ѭ��Ѻ��ԡ��ҡ��դس��ҡѺ��ԡ��ʹ͡�ú�ԡ�÷��ҡ��С�ú�ԡ��ѡɳ��繡�ú�ԡ�÷��ժ�ǧ��ҷ��ҹ�� ͡�ʷ��дѺ�繡�ú�ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��Ẻ�� ͡�ú�ԡ�÷��ԡ�÷ӡ�ú��áԨ��Ũ�ʵԡ��ͧ��ԡ��Ẻ��óҡ�ä��ա��ҧἹ ��ҧ�к� ��繼��áӡѺ��դ��ѹ��ѡɳ��ǹ��ǹ��ú�ԡ��дѺ��鹰ҹ��ѧ��ҡ��ҡѺ��ú�ԡ��ͧ�дѺ��ǹ��ú�ԡ��дѺ��˹�ҡ��ѧ��ҡ�蹡ѹ ��ҧ�á�ռ��ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��㹻��ºҧ��ǹ��ö��ú�ԡ�� 4 �дѺ ��м��ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��ͺ�ͺ�Ѻ��㹡�èѴ��Ũ�ʵԡ��ͧ��ԡ��ͧ�ҡ��ԡ�õ�ͧ��š��ԡ��Ũ�ʵԡ��繢��ҡ��繢��Ҹ�ó� ��Ѵ��(English) Progression of logistics service can not be measured by increasing of users, complicated level of services should be the other perspective of measurement. So Model of logistics service requirement will support the measurement. The model identified level of logistics services to be 4 levels, are basic logistics service, value added logistics service, lead logistics service and advance logistics service. Refer literature review there are many factors may drive the level of service to be higher level, and in this study found that cost, information system and human resource are factors to decide to choose level of logistics service. Logistics service industrial in Thailand is continually and progressively at Value Added service level, which outsource company pay their role more important to their customer and has a potential to be higher in Lead logistics service level which integrate and manage all logistics activities instead of their customers such as logistics planning, forecasting and increasing the relation to be business partners. For the basic logistics service level and advance logistics level are also available in Thailand but only few of companies are using these two level And outsource company or third party logistics companies in Thailand have perspective potential to support for all levels which identified in model of logistics service requirement. ��ҷ��¹�Է�ҹԾ�� ӹǹ˹�Ңͧ�Է�ҹԾ�� 92 P. ISBN 974-17-4552-4 ʶҹ��Ѵ��Է�ҹԾ�� Ӥѭ MODEL, OF, LOGISTICS, SERVICE, REQUIREMENT �Է�ҹԾ��Ǣ�ͧ