�ͧ�� �ͧ���� ��� (���� 10 ) �������ó�Ẻ (Perfect gas) ���������ش���������������� (Ideal gas) �������ó�Ẻ (Perfect gas) ���������ش���������������� (Ideal gas) Show
�����������ѵԵ�ҧ � �ѧ����������㹷�ɯըŹ�ͧ��ʷء��� �����¤�����������ѵ���������ҧ���ԧ �դ�����������ҧ����ó�Ẻ�ء��С�� �������ԧ�����������ʪ�Դ㴷��������ѵԤú��ǹ���ҧ��� ��ʷ��������ѵԴѧ����ɮըŹ�ͧ��ʡ�������֧����������ԧ ��ʷ��������ѵ����ҧ��鹨֧�������ش���� (Ideal gas) ��ҹ�� ��ʨ�ԧ (Real gas) �����ʷء��Դ��駷����������š��й͡�š �������ҹ�������ѵԵ�ҧ � ��º��§�Ѻ���ѵԵ����ɮըŹ�ͧ��������������� ���¡��������ѵ����§ູ仨ҡ��ɮըŹ�ͧ����ҡ��ҧ���º�ҧ �����ҧ�á��������ʨ�ԧ��������з���س������٧�����ѹ��� ��������ѵ���仵�������ɮըŹ�ͧ������ҡ��� ���������ѵ������§�Ѻ�������������ó�Ẻ�ҡ��� ������������ʨ�ԧ�����ѵ����������ó�Ẻ ��ʷء��Դ��������ѵ������ѹ�ء��С�� �й������ � �ӹǹ 1.00 ��� ��� STP �������ѵ������ѹ���� n = 1 mol P = 1 atm T = 273 K V = 22.4 dm3 ���ѵ����ǹ�����ҧ PV : nT �ѧ��� ** ��� 0.082 �繤�Ҥ����ͧ��� ���ѭ�ѡɳ��繵�� R �������¹ŧ�����è��繴ѧ��� ����� PV = nRT ���¡���������������ó�Ẻ (Perfect gas law equation) ����������������� (Ideal gas law equation) ��ӹdz���ѵԢͧ���᷹���ͧ����� �������С���� � �ͧ��������ͧ��˹������١��ͧ ���� P ��ͧ��˹��� atm V ��ͧ��˹��� dm3 T ��ͧ��˹��� ���Թ , K R �繤�Ҥ����ͧ��� = 0.082 atm.dm3.mol-1.K-1 *** �Ԫҿ��ԡ���� R = 8.314 J.mol-1.K-1 ������ҧ �� Mg �ӹǹ 1.00 ��� �ӻ�ԡ����ҡѺ�������¡ô HCl ����ҡ�Թ�� �Դ��ԡ����Ҵѧ����� : Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) �Ըշ� �ҡ����� ; �ӹǹ��Ţͧ H2 ����� = �ӹǹ��Ţͧ Mg ����� - ��ҷ��ͧ������� STP ����ҵâͧ H2 ���� = 1.00 x 22.4 = 22.4 dm3 �ͺ - ��ҷ��ͧ����س����� 27 oC �����ѹ 0.80 atm ���� H2 ��� dm3 �Դ��ҡ������������� Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 1. A 10.3 L cylinder contains 756.2 grams of Cl2 at 21.2oC. How many grams of chlorine must be released to reduce the pressure to 22.4 atm assuming ideal gas behavior? (Atomic weight: Cl = 35.45). (ans.c) (��к͡�ٺ�ջ���ҵ� 10.3 L ��è���� Cl2 ������ 756.2 ���� �س����� 21.2oC ��� ��ͧ��÷��������ѹŴŧ����� 22.4 atm �е�ͧ�������� Cl2 �͡仡����� ����������ʤ���չ�� ���ѵ��� ideal gas) a) 69.5 b) 21.2 c) 79.0 d) 44.2 e) 15.22. The pressure of argon in an incandescent light bulb is 0.49 atm at 25oC. If a 150 watt bulb has a volume of 182 cm3, how many grams of argon are in the bulb? (Atomic weight: Ar = 39.95). (ans.c) (�����ѹ�ͧ����������ʹ俿����ҡѺ 0.49 atm ����س����� 25oC ��һ���ҵâͧ ��ʹ俤�� 182 cm3 ����������ʹ俴ѧ�����˹ѡ������) a) 0.060 b) 0.082 c) 0.15 d) 0.18 e) 0.103. How many nanograms of helium exist in a
250 mL container at 1.5 x 10-8 torr and 1200oC?(Atomic a) 3.3 x 10-3 b) 2.2 x 10-4 c) 1.6 x 10-4 d) 1.6 x 10-1 e) 2.2 x 10-2 4. A 25 L cylinder contains 128 g of nitrogen gas at 10oC. How many grams of nitrogen must be added to increase the pressure to 5.00 atm assuming ideal gas behavior? (Atomic weight: N = 14.01).(ans.a) (��к͡�ٺ�ջ���ҵ� 25 L ��è�������ਹ 128 ���� �س����� 10oC ��ҵ�ͧ��÷� �������ѹ��������� 5.00 atm �е�ͧ���������ਹ���仡�����) a) 22.7 b) 12.5 c) 25.4 d) 18.9 e) 15.95. A 65.0 L gas cylinder at 5.1 atm and 20oC contains only nitrogen gas. What is the mass (in grams) of the nitrogen in the tank? (Atomic weight: N = 14.01).(ans.a) (��к͡�ջ���ҵ� 65.0 L ��è�������ਹ �դ����ѹ 5.1 atm �س����� 20oC ��ҡ��Һ�����ʴѧ����ǹ��˹ѡ������) a) 3.9 x 102 b) 1.8 x 102 c) 2.5 x 102 d) 3.4 x 102 e) 2.2 x 1026. The energy provided by 1 gallon of gasoline could be obtained from 655 g of CH4. What volume (L) of methane would be required at 25oC and 745 torr? (Atomic weights: C = 12.01, O = 16.00, H = 1.008). (����ѹ�����չ 1 ��� ����ö��Ե��ҡ��� CH4 655 g ��� CH4 �ѧ����ǹ���� ����ҵá���Ե� ����س����� 25oC �����ѹ 745 torr ) a) 9.24 x 102 b) 1.21 x 103 c) 1.02 x 103 d) 1.21 x 104 e) 8.62 x 1027. A barge on the Ohio river contains 625 tons of liquid chlorine under pressure. What volume (m3) would the chlorine occupy at 730 torr and 20oC? (Atomic weight: Cl = 35.45). (������˹�觺�è���� ����չ���� 625 �ѹ �����ʤ���չ�ӹǹ�������������ѹ 730 torr �س����� 20oC ���ջ���ҵá�� m3 ) a) 5.00 x 104 b) 1.00 x 105 c) 2.00 x 105 d) 2.00 x 103 e) 1.00 x 1038. A balloon is filled with 48.3 g of helium at 31oC and 2.12 atm. What is the volume of the balloon in liters? (Atomic weight: He = 4.00). (����ٹ�١˹�觺�è����������� 48.3 ���� ����س����� 31oC ���� �ѹ 2.12 atm ����ٹ�ջ���ҵá���Ե�) a) 271 b) 142 c) 129 d) 301 e) 1769. A 40.0 gram sample of helium is introduced into a 2.24 L cylinder which is heated until the pressure is 200 atm. What is the temperature (in oC) of the gas? (Atomic weight: He = 4.00). (��� He ˹ѡ 40.0 ���� ��è�㹡�к͡�ջ���ҵ� 2.24 L ����������������դ����ѹ 200 atm ��ҡ��Һ����س����Ԣͧ����繡��ͧ��������) a) 221 b) 452 c) 323 d) 546 e) 27310. A 162 L drum used for crude oil is steam cleaned. Assuming ideal gas behavior, calculate the number of moles of water required to fill the barrel at 1.00 atm if the steam is at 110oC. (Atomic weights: H = 1.008, O = 16.00). (ans.c) (�ѧ����Ѻ��èع���ѹ�Ժ��Ҵ 162 �Ե� ��ͧ�����ҧ�ѧ��� ������� �������ѹ 1.00 atm �س����� 110 oC �е�ͧ���ӡ�����) a) 4.75 b) 7.23 c) 5.15 d) 4.22 e) 6.4211. A pressure of 0.10 torr is obtained using a vacuum pump. Calculate the number of moles in 1.0 mL of gas at this pressure at 20oC. (ans.c) (�����ح�ҡ���դ����ѹ 0.10 torr �س����� 20oC ��ҡ��Һ������ 1.0 mL �ըӹǹ��Ţͧ��ʡ�����) a) 5.1 x 10-6 b) 3.3 x 10-8 c) 5.5 x 10-9 d) 5.1 x 10-9 e) 5.5 x 10-612. The Goodyear blimp has 5.12 x 106 liters of helium at 25oC and 1.00 atm. How many moles of helium are in the blimp?(Atomic weight: He = 4.00). (ans.c) (���������ջ���ҵ� 5.12 x 106 liters ��è��������������������س����� 25oC �����ѹ 1.00 atm ���Ҩӹǹ��Ţͧ����������) a) 2.09 x 102 b) 2.58 x 105 c) 2.09 x 105 d) 2.58 x 102 e) 3.32 x 10413. The Goodyear blimp has 5.1 x 106 liters of helium at 25oC and 1.00 atm. How many molecules of helium are in the blimp? (Atomic weight: He = 4.00). (ans.b) ((���������ջ���ҵ� 5.12 x 106 liters ��è��������������������س����� 25oC �����ѹ 1.00 atm ���Ҩӹǹ���š�Ţͧ����������) a) 2.6 x 1027 b) 1.3 x 1029 c) 2.9 x 1029 d) 2.6 x 1028 e) 1.3 x 102814. An oxygen sample has a volume of 4.50 L at 27oC and 800.0 torr. How many oxygen molecules does it contain? (Atomic weight: O = 16.00). (ans.b) (����͡��ਹ������ҧ�ջ���ҵ� 4.50 �Ե� �س����� 27 oC ���Ҩӹǹ���š�Ţͧ����͡��ਹ�ӹǹ���) a) 2.32 x 1024 b) 1.16 x 1023 c) 5.8 x 1023 d) 5.8 x 1022 e) 1.16 x 102215. How many molecules of helium exist in a 250 mL container at 1.5 x 10-8 torr and 1200oC? (Atomic weight: He = 4.00). (ans.b) (���Ҩӹǹ���š�Ţͧ��������������ջ���ҵ� 250 mL ���� �ѹ 1.5 x 10-8 torr �س����� 1200oC) a) 2.5 x 1012 b) 2.5 x 1010 c) 1.9 x 1013 d) 2.3 x 1013 e) 3.0 x 101016. Calculate the density, g/L, of Freon-12, CF2Cl2 at STP. (Atomic weights: C = 12.01, F = 19.00, Cl = 35.45). (ans.c) (���Ҥ���˹��蹢ͧ��ʿ���-12 ( g/L ) CF2Cl2 ��� STP. a) 4.98 b) 3.80 c) 5.39 d) 6.14 e) 4.3517. What is the density (g/L) of nitrogen at STP? (Atomic weight: N = 14.01). (ans.c) (������ਹ��� STP �դ���˹��蹡�����/�Ե�) a) 0.800 b) 0.312 c) 1.25 d) 1.60 e) 0.62518. What is the density (g/L) of pure oxygen gas at STP? (Atomic weight: O = 16). (ans.c) (��� �͡��ਹ����ط��� ��� STP �դ���˹��蹡�����/�Ե�) a) 1.52 b) 1.12 c) 1.43 d) 1.34 e) 1.2419. What is the density in g/L of BrF3 at 425 torr and 77oC? (Atomic weights: Br = 79.90, F = 19.00). (ans.c) (��� BrF3 �������ѹ 425 torr �س����� 77oC �դ���˹��蹡�����/�Ե�) a) 2.24 b) 1.92 c) 2.66 d) 1.72 e) 1.3320. Calculate the density (g/L) of Freon-12, CF2Cl2 at 30.0oC and 0.954 atm. (Atomic weights: C = 12.01, F = 19.00, Cl = 35.45). (ans.c) (��ʿ���-12 ���ٵ����š�� CF2Cl2 �س����� 30.0oC �����ѹ 0.954 atm �դ���˹��蹡�����/�Ե�) a) 6.14 b) 7.58 c) 4.64 d) 3.80 e) 5.2221. What is the density (g/L) of carbon dioxide at 30.3oC and 744 mm Hg? (Atomic weights: C = 12.01, O = 16.00). (ans.c) (��ʤ�����͡䫴����س����� 30.3oC ���� �ѹ 744 mm Hg �դ���˹��蹡�����/�Ե�) a) 1.61 b) 1.42 c) 1.73 d) 1.28 e) 1.8522. A scientist in a mountain kingdom decides to define 20oC and 700 mm Hg as standard conditions. What is the molar volume (L) that students will learn in the kingdom? (ans.c) (��ҹѡ�Է����ʵ����ҳҨѡ�����غ�� ��˹���������ҵðҹ�ͧ����������س����� 20 oC �����ѹ700 mm Hg ��ҡ��Һ��һ���ҵõ����Ţͧ����繡���Եõ�����) a) 24.3 b) 22.4 c) 26.1 d) 25.4 e) 20.623. The pressure on the surface of Venus is 90.0 atm and the temperature is 475oC. What is the molar volume (L) that Venusian chemistry students will learn? (ans.c) (�����ѹ����鹼�Ǵ�Ǿظ��� 90.0 atm ������س����� 475oC ��ҡ��Һ��ҹѡ���¹������¹��պ���Ǿظ ��ͧ�����ҵ�/��Ţͧ ����繡���Ե�) a) 22.4 b) 0.942 c) 0.682 d) 8.18 e) 0.24824. The surface atmospheric pressure on Mars is 4.6 mm Hg. At high noon the surface temperature is about 20oC. What is the molar volume (L) that Martian chemistry students will learn? (ans.c) (��Ҥ����ѹ����ҡ�ȷ���鹼�Ǣͧ����ѧ��ä�� 4.6 mm Hg ������س����� 20oC ��ҡ��Һ��� �ѡ���¹������¹������躹����ѧ��èФԴ����ҵõ����Ţͧ��������Ե�) a) 3.70 x 103 b) 24.0 c) 3.97 x 103 d) 22.4 e) 2.40 x 10325. Four identical 1.0 L flasks contain the following gases each at 0oC and 1 atm pressure. Which gas has the most molecules? (Atomic weights: H = 1.008,Cl = 35.45, N = 14.01, C = 12.01). (ans.c) (�������͵��仹��������ջ���ҵ� 1.0 �Ե� �س����� 0 oC �����ѹ 1 atm ��ҡѹ ��Դ��� �ӹǹ���š���ҡ����ش) a) Cl2 b) NH3 c) all gases are the same d) CH4 e) HCl26. Five identical 1.0 L flasks contain the following gases each at 0oC and 1 atm pressure. Which gas has the lowest density?(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, Cl = 35.45, N = 14.01, C = 12.01). (ans.c) (������Ъ�Դ���仹��������ջ���ҵ� 1.0 �Ե� �س����� 0oC �����ѹ 1 atm ��Դ㴨��դ��� ˹��蹵���ش) a) NH3 b) Cl2 c) CH4 d) C2H4 e) HCl27. A molecular element weighing 3.24 x 10-2 g at 550oC in a 56.0 mL bulb has a pressure of 239.2 mm Hg. What is the molecular weight of the gas? (ans.a) (��ʪ�Դ˹���չ��˹ѡ 3.24 x 10-2 g ��� �س����� 550oC �ջ���ҵ� 56.0 mL ����դ����ѹ 239.2 mm Hg ����������š�Ţͧ��ʹ��) a) 124 b) 136 c) 104 d) 92 e) 11628. The density of a gaseous element at 310oC and 775 mm Hg is 2.64 g/L. What is the molecular weight of the element? (ans.a) (��ʪ�Դ˹���դ���˹��� 2.64 g/L ����س����� 310oC �����ѹ 775 mm Hg ��ʴѧ����ǹ����������š�������) a) 124 b) 84 c) 114 d) 93 e) 10629. At 900oC and 25 torr, the density of a certain element in the gaseous state is 1.33 x 10-2 g/L. Using the atomic weights given in parenthesis, determine the identity of the element. (ans.a) (��ʪ�Դ㴵������˹������仹�� �դ���˹��� 1.33 x 10-2 g/L ����س����� At 900 oC �����ѹ 25 torr ��������е���������˹�����ǧ����ҤԴ) a) K(39) b) Na(23) c) Rb(85.5) d) Hg(201) e) Ne(20)30. A 1.00 g sample of SFx has a volume of 416 mL at 745 mm Hg and 75oC. What is the value of x? (Atomic weights: S = 32.06, F = 19.00). (ans.e) (��� SFx �ӹǹ 1.00 ���� �ջ���ҵ� 416 mL �� �����ѹ 745 mm Hg ��� 75 oC ��ҡ��Һ��� x �դ������� a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 6 e) 231. Carbon forms a number of
fluorocarbons several of which are listed below. For which compound �ٻ�Ҿ�������Ǣ�ͧ |