สมมติฐานที่ตรวจสอบและทดลองหลายครั้งว่าถูกต้อง เรียกว่า

��¢ͧ��Է��
�� Է�� ç�Ѻ�Ѿ�� Biology ��ҡ�Ѿ��Ҩҡ��ҡ�ա�� Bios �� Ե ��ǹ Logos �� Դ��˵ؼ�
Biology ��¶֧ ��֡��ǡѺ��ժ��Ե��ҧ��˵ؼŷҧ�Է��ʵ��

ͧ��Сͺ�ͧ��Է��
�. ��кǹ�� (process) �繡�á�зӢͧ�� ͧ��·ѡ��㹴�ҹ��õ�駻ѭ�� õ��԰ҹ ��õ�Ǩ�ͺ��԰ҹ ��ż� ��ػ�š�÷��ͧ
�. ͧ�� (knowledge) �繼Ţͧ��á�зӢͧ�� ɮ� ��

��֡�Ҫ��Է��кǹ��÷ҧ�Է��ʵ��
          ��õ�駻ѭ��
          ��͹��駻ѭ�� á�˹��ͺࢵ�ѭ�ҡ�͹��ǻѭ��蹪Ѵ �ҡ�ѧ��˹��ͺࢵ�ͧ�ѭ�� Ǻ��
�ѡɳТͧ��ǻѭ��
          1. ��ͧ��ѹ�ڡѺ��ŷ��
          2. �зѴ�Ѵ��ЪѴਹ

          ��õ��԰ҹ
          ��԰ҹ (hypothesis) �� ӵͺ��Ҵ��Ҩ��ҧ��˵ؼ�
                    �ѡɳТͧ��԰ҹ��
                    1. ��ѹ��Ѻ��е�ǻѭ��
                    2. �зѴ�Ѵ��ЪѴਹ
                    3. ��դ��§��ͤ��ὧ��
                    4. ��Ƿҧ㹡�õ�Ǩ�ͺ��Ͷ��
                    5. �ʴ��ѹ��ҧ��˵ط��ʧ��¡Ѻ��Ѿ��Ҵ��Ҩ��Դ�� ֧��鹴�� ...�ѧ��...� �� Ҥ��ͧ�ʧ��Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ��ԭ�ͧ�鹡��Һ �ѧ�� 鹡��Һ��Ѻ��ͧ�ʧ�ҡ��ԭ��ҵ鹡��Һ��Ѻ��ͧ�ʧ�� 駹��ա�äǺ��õ�ҧ� ��͹�ѹ��

          ��õ�Ǩ�ͺ��԰ҹ
          㹷ҧ�Է��ʵ�� õ�Ǩ�ͺ��԰ҹ��͡Ẻ��÷��ͧ�¡�äǺ��õ�ҧ� ��Ѵ��ش
          �� Ѩ��µ�ҧ� ��Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ��÷��ͧ �� 3 ��
                    �. ��õ� ��͵�� (independent variable) �� ÷��Ҵ��Ҩ�繵��˵آͧ�ѭ�ҹ��
                    �. ��õ�� ͵�� (dependent variable) �� ÷��Ҵ��Ҩ��繼ŷ��Դ�ҡ��¹�ŧ�ͧ��õ�
                    �. ��÷��١�Ǻ�� (controlled variable) �� Ǵ��ͻѨ��蹷��١�Ǻ��ǡѹ��
          ��÷��ͧ��º��º ��Сͺ��
                    1. ��Ǻ�� (controlled group) �� º��º�šѺ�ش��ͧ��ʹѺʹع��Ҽŷ��Դ��鹨ҡ��÷��ͧ��駹��Դ�ҡ��õ��˵ط��԰ҹ��駹��
                    2. ��ͧ (experimental group) �� 鷴�ͧ�Ҩ��Ѩ��Ŵ�Ѩ��¨ҡ��Ҿ��ó컡��ʹ��Է�ԾŢͧ��õ�
��ҧ

��Ǻ��	��ͧ
��Թ��͡	��Թ��ǢѴ��
��жҧ��Һ��	��жҧ��Һ��
��˭�ҷ��Ѻ�ʧ��ҧ	��˭�ҷ��Ѻ�ʧ��ҧ

��ż��ػ�š�÷��ͧ
�ѡ�Է��ʵ��Ť�� ŧ��ػ ��㹢ͺࢵ�ͧ�š��֡�ҷ��繨�ԧ
��Ӥѭ��ͧ�ӹ֧ �� ͡Ẻ��÷��ͧ��ͧ�ʹ��ͧ�Ѻ�ѭ��Шش��·��ͧ��֡�� 鷴�ͧ��ͧ��ѵ��㹡��żš�÷��ͧ��㹢ͺࢵ�ͧ��ŷ��֡�� Т��Ŵѧ��ռŵ�͡��ػ��繤ӵͺ�ͧ�ѭ��

Ἱ�Ҿ��ػ��鹵͹��֡�Ҫ��Է�Ңͧ�ѡ�Է��ʵ��

ͧ��
          1. �� (data)
          �� 稨�ԧ��Ǻ��ҡ��ѧࡵ ��ͺ�� ä鹤�� С�÷��ͧ
          ��ŷ�� դ��§�ç ��Ͷ�� л��Ȩҡͤ��
          2. ��ɮ� (theory)
          ��ɮ� �� ԰ҹ��ҹ��õ�Ǩ�ͺ��繷��Ѻ ��ѧ��͸Ժ�� ҧ�ԧ ��;�ҡó�� ɮ��
          3. �� (law)
          �� ѡ��ҧ˹�觷��鹤��ѹ��ҧ�˵ءѺ�� դ��ԧ��㹵��ͧ ��ö��ͺ��Ŵѧ�� Ҩ͸Ժ�´��µ�Ǣͧ�ѹ�� ˵�㴨֧��ͧ�դ��ѹ��ҧ��ҧ�� 觷��͸Ժ�¤��ѹ��ͧ��¡�� ɮ� ��֧��ö͸Ժ�»�ҡ��ó��ҧ� ��͹��ɮ�
          ��ҧ�á�շ�駡��з�ɮ��ö��¹�ŧ�� ա�ä鹾��稨�ԧ��